Docmoates: Add medication infobox (Drugbox) to monographs

2026-06-17T16:09:15Z

Add medication infobox (Drugbox) to monographs

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:09, 17 June 2026
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			{{Drugbox
			\| name = Antivirals (non-HIV)
			\| therapeutic = Antiviral
			\| pharmacologic = Nucleoside analogs and others by target
			\| onset = Best when started early (oseltamivir within 48 hours of flu symptoms).
			\| halflife = Varies; no routine level.
			\| routes = PO (oral), IV
			\| highalert = No
			\| blackbox = <span style="color:#b00020;">'''Yes'''</span> (see Safety)
			\| antidote = Supportive care.
			\| pregnancy = Ribavirin contraindicated; others case by case.
			}}

	<div style="border-left:4px solid #3f6f5b;background:#f3f6f4;padding:8px 12px;margin-bottom:12px;font-size:0.95em;">		<div style="border-left:4px solid #3f6f5b;background:#f3f6f4;padding:8px 12px;margin-bottom:12px;font-size:0.95em;">
	''Nursing pharmacology study reference (NCLEX-style monograph). Numeric values are standard teaching ranges for study and '''must be verified against current manufacturer labeling before clinical use'''. This is educational content, not prescribing guidance.''		''Nursing pharmacology study reference (NCLEX-style monograph). Numeric values are standard teaching ranges for study and '''must be verified against current manufacturer labeling before clinical use'''. This is educational content, not prescribing guidance.''

Docmoates: NCLEX nursing pharmacology monographs — batch import

2026-06-17T14:05:08Z

NCLEX nursing pharmacology monographs — batch import

New page

<div style="border-left:4px solid #3f6f5b;background:#f3f6f4;padding:8px 12px;margin-bottom:12px;font-size:0.95em;">
''Nursing pharmacology study reference (NCLEX-style monograph). Numeric values are standard teaching ranges for study and '''must be verified against current manufacturer labeling before clinical use'''. This is educational content, not prescribing guidance.''
</div>

'''Antivirals (non-HIV)''' — Antiviral; Nucleoside analogs and others by target.

== Identification ==
* '''Therapeutic class:''' Antiviral.
* '''Pharmacologic class:''' Nucleoside analogs and others by target.

== Pharmacology ==
* '''Mechanism of action:''' Inhibit viral replication (acyclovir and valacyclovir target herpes DNA polymerase; oseltamivir inhibits influenza neuraminidase; nirmatrelvir inhibits the SARS-CoV-2 protease boosted by ritonavir; ganciclovir targets CMV; ribavirin and direct-acting agents target their respective viruses).
* '''Onset / peak / duration:''' Best when started early (oseltamivir within 48 hours of flu symptoms).
* '''Half-life / therapeutic level:''' Varies; no routine level.

== Clinical use ==
* '''Indications:''' Herpes simplex and zoster (acyclovir, valacyclovir), influenza (oseltamivir), COVID-19 (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir), CMV (ganciclovir), hepatitis C (sofosbuvir-based) and hepatitis B (entecavir, tenofovir).
* '''Usual dose, route, frequency:''' Acyclovir PO five times daily or IV; valacyclovir PO; oseltamivir twice daily for 5 days; nirmatrelvir/ritonavir twice daily for 5 days.
* '''Maximum dose / adjustments:''' Reduce acyclovir, valacyclovir, and oseltamivir in renal impairment; maintain hydration with IV acyclovir.

== Safety ==
* '''Contraindications:''' Hypersensitivity; nirmatrelvir/ritonavir has many drug interaction contraindications.
* '''Black box warning:''' Ganciclovir and valganciclovir carry boxed warnings for hematologic toxicity (granulocytopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia) and carcinogenic and teratogenic potential; ribavirin carries boxed warnings for hemolytic anemia and serious teratogenicity (pregnancy contraindicated for the patient and partner).
* '''Interactions:''' Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir interacts with many CYP3A4 drugs (statins, some anticoagulants, sedatives); nephrotoxic drugs with acyclovir.
* '''Pregnancy / lactation:''' Ribavirin contraindicated; others case by case.
* '''High-alert:''' No.

== Adverse effects ==
* '''Common side effects:''' Nausea, headache, dizziness.
* '''Serious effects to report:''' Acyclovir nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity, ganciclovir marrow suppression, ribavirin anemia, drug interactions with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.
* '''Antidote / reversal:''' Supportive care.

== Nursing process ==
* '''Assessment before administration:''' Renal function, hydration, full medication list (interactions), pregnancy status (ribavirin).
* '''Interventions during therapy:''' Hydrate well with IV acyclovir; review all interacting drugs before nirmatrelvir/ritonavir; start flu and COVID antivirals early.
* '''Monitor:''' Renal function, CBC (ganciclovir, ribavirin), infection course.
* '''Evaluation / expected outcome:''' Reduced viral illness severity or duration.

== Patient teaching ==
* '''Patient teaching:''' Start early; stay hydrated; report decreased urination; strict contraception with ribavirin.
* '''Notify provider if:''' Decreased urination, confusion, easy bruising, severe fatigue.
* '''Administration tips:''' Maintain hydration; check interactions; begin promptly.

[[Category:Antivirals]]

Antivirals (non-HIV) - Revision history

Docmoates: Add medication infobox (Drugbox) to monographs

Docmoates: NCLEX nursing pharmacology monographs — batch import