Gabapentin

Nursing pharmacology study reference (NCLEX-style monograph). Numeric values are standard teaching ranges for study and must be verified against current manufacturer labeling before clinical use. This is educational content, not prescribing guidance.

Gabapentin (brand name Neurontin) — Anticonvulsant, neuropathic analgesic; Calcium channel alpha-2-delta ligand.

Identification

• Therapeutic class: Anticonvulsant, neuropathic analgesic.
• Pharmacologic class: Calcium channel alpha-2-delta ligand.

Pharmacology

• Mechanism of action: Binds the alpha-2-delta calcium channel subunit to reduce excitatory neurotransmission.
• Onset / peak / duration: Onset within days for pain.
• Half-life / therapeutic level: Half-life 5 to 7 hours; level not routine.

Clinical use

• Indications: Neuropathic pain, focal seizures, restless legs.
• Usual dose, route, frequency: Titrated PO two to three times daily; liquid available.
• Maximum dose / adjustments: Reduce in renal impairment.

Safety

• Contraindications: Hypersensitivity.
• Black box warning: None (FDA warns of serious breathing problems when combined with opioids or in respiratory risk).
• Interactions: Opioids and CNS depressants (respiratory depression), antacids reduce absorption (separate by 2 hours).
• Pregnancy / lactation: Use if needed.
• High-alert: No.

Adverse effects

• Common side effects: Dizziness, somnolence, peripheral edema, weight gain.
• Serious effects to report: Respiratory depression with opioids, mood changes, severe rash (DRESS).
• Antidote / reversal: None; supportive care.

Nursing process

• Assessment before administration: Renal function, pain or seizure baseline, opioid use.
• Interventions during therapy: Taper to stop; caution with opioids.
• Monitor: Pain or seizure control, sedation, renal function.
• Evaluation / expected outcome: Reduced neuropathic pain or seizures.

Patient teaching

• Patient teaching: Do not stop abruptly; separate from antacids.
• Notify provider if: Trouble breathing, mood changes, rash.
• Administration tips: Separate antacids by 2 hours; taper to discontinue.