Triamterene and Hydrochlorothiazide

Nursing pharmacology study reference (NCLEX-style monograph). Numeric values are standard teaching ranges for study and must be verified against current manufacturer labeling before clinical use. This is educational content, not prescribing guidance.

Triamterene and Hydrochlorothiazide (brand name Dyazide) — Antihypertensive, diuretic; Potassium-sparing diuretic combined with a thiazide.

Identification

• Therapeutic class: Antihypertensive, diuretic.
• Pharmacologic class: Potassium-sparing diuretic combined with a thiazide.

Pharmacology

• Mechanism of action: Triamterene retains potassium at the distal tubule while hydrochlorothiazide promotes sodium and water loss, balancing potassium effects.
• Onset / peak / duration: Onset 2 to 4 hours; duration 7 to 9 hours.
• Half-life / therapeutic level: Triamterene half-life 1.5 to 2.5 hours; no routine level.

Clinical use

• Indications: Hypertension and edema when potassium balance is a concern.
• Usual dose, route, frequency: One capsule or tablet PO once daily.
• Maximum dose / adjustments: Per product; avoid in significant renal impairment.

Safety

• Contraindications: Hyperkalemia, severe renal impairment, sulfonamide hypersensitivity, concurrent potassium supplements.
• Black box warning: Abnormal serum potassium can occur; monitor potassium closely (paraphrased label caution).
• Interactions: ACE inhibitors and ARBs, potassium supplements, NSAIDs, lithium, salt substitutes (food).
• Pregnancy / lactation: Use only if clearly needed.
• High-alert: No.

Adverse effects

• Common side effects: Dizziness, GI upset, photosensitivity.
• Serious effects to report: Hyperkalemia or hypokalemia, severe dehydration.
• Antidote / reversal: None; correct electrolytes.

Nursing process

• Assessment before administration: Potassium, renal function, blood pressure.
• Interventions during therapy: Morning dosing; monitor potassium in both directions.
• Monitor: Electrolytes, renal function, blood pressure.
• Evaluation / expected outcome: Blood pressure control with stable potassium.

Patient teaching

• Patient teaching: Avoid potassium salt substitutes; use sunscreen.
• Notify provider if: Muscle weakness, palpitations, severe dizziness.
• Administration tips: Morning dosing with food.