Mydriatic, anti-infective, and other ophthalmic agents

Mydriatic, anti-infective, and other ophthalmic agents

Drug monograph · NCLEX study reference
Trade names	Pred
Therapeutic class	Diagnostic and therapeutic eye agents
Pharmacologic class	Anticholinergic mydriatics, ophthalmic antibiotics, ophthalmic corticosteroid, lubricant
Onset / peak / duration	Mydriatics act within minutes (atropine long, tropicamide short); antibiotics over days.
Half-life / level	Local; no routine level.
Routes	Ophthalmic
High-alert (ISMP)	No
Black box warning	None
Antidote / reversal	Supportive care.
Pregnancy / lactation	Use if needed.

Nursing pharmacology study reference (NCLEX-style monograph). Numeric values are standard teaching ranges for study and must be verified against current manufacturer labeling before clinical use. This is educational content, not prescribing guidance.

Mydriatic, anti-infective, and other ophthalmic agents (brand name Pred) — Diagnostic and therapeutic eye agents; Anticholinergic mydriatics, ophthalmic antibiotics, ophthalmic corticosteroid, lubricant.

Identification

• Therapeutic class: Diagnostic and therapeutic eye agents.
• Pharmacologic class: Anticholinergic mydriatics, ophthalmic antibiotics, ophthalmic corticosteroid, lubricant.

Pharmacology

• Mechanism of action: Mydriatics dilate the pupil and paralyze accommodation; antibiotics treat eye infection; corticosteroids reduce ocular inflammation; lubricants relieve dryness.
• Onset / peak / duration: Mydriatics act within minutes (atropine long, tropicamide short); antibiotics over days.
• Half-life / therapeutic level: Local; no routine level.

Clinical use

• Indications: Eye exams and uveitis (mydriatics), bacterial conjunctivitis (antibiotics), ocular inflammation (corticosteroid), dry eye (tears).
• Usual dose, route, frequency: One drop per eye as directed; ointment ribbon for erythromycin.
• Maximum dose / adjustments: Ophthalmic corticosteroids used cautiously (avoid in undiagnosed red eye or herpetic infection).

Safety

• Contraindications: Mydriatics in narrow-angle glaucoma; corticosteroids in viral or fungal eye infection.
• Black box warning: None.
• Interactions: Minimal topically.
• Pregnancy / lactation: Use if needed.
• High-alert: No.

Adverse effects

• Common side effects: Stinging, blurred vision, light sensitivity (mydriatics).
• Serious effects to report: Increased eye pressure or infection with corticosteroids, severe eye pain.
• Antidote / reversal: Supportive care.

Nursing process

• Assessment before administration: Eye condition, glaucoma history (mydriatics).
• Interventions during therapy: Same eye-drop technique; corticosteroid drops require ongoing eye monitoring.
• Monitor: Eye response, infection or inflammation resolution.
• Evaluation / expected outcome: Successful exam, resolved infection, or comfort.

Patient teaching

• Patient teaching: Mydriatics cause light sensitivity and blurred near vision (wear sunglasses, do not drive until cleared); do not touch the dropper tip.
• Notify provider if: Severe eye pain, worsening vision or redness.
• Administration tips: Drop technique with punctal occlusion; ointment applied last.